Routine HIV testing should be offered to all children and adolescents completing evaluation for exposure to TB, with presumptive TB or diagnosed with TB. Early and accurate detection of HIV infection is important to support the integrated management of TB/HIV coinfection. All children and adolescents with HIV-associated TB are eligible for ART and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis (6, 78). The diagnosis of TB in children and adolescents living with HIV is often more challenging than in HIV-negative children, due to overlapping symptoms with HIV-associated infections and conditions (79).
Section 7.1 provides more details on the management of TB/HIV coinfection in children and adolescents.