Annex 1. Selected resources on child and adolescent TB

Roadmap

Roadmap towards ending TB in children and adolescents, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/275422/9789241514798-eng.
pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y).

 

WHO operational handbooks

WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 1: prevention – tuberculosis preventive treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240002906).

WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021 (https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1336777/retrieve).

WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3: diagnosis – rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detention, 2021 update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021 (https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1354562/retrieve).

WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment – drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 (https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1281012/retrieve).

WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment – drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.

WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment – care and support during tuberculosis treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.

 

Prevention 

Prevent TB digital platform. Geneva: World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/activities/preventing-tb#app).

TB preventive treatment (TPT) implementation tools. Washington, DC: PEPFAR Solutions Platform (https://www.pepfarsolutions.org/resourcesandtools-2/2018/9/25/tpt-implementation-tools). (Tool 17b covers considerations for incorporating TPT into differentiated service delivery models –child and adolescent populations.)

Resources. The PEARL study (https://www.thepearlstudy.org/resources). (An implementation study using population-wide active case-finding and prevention for TB and leprosy elimination in Kiribati.)


Diagnostic approaches

Making the best out of available tools and approaches: summary guidance for microbiological and clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among children. Geneva: Pediatric TB Operational and Sustainability Expertise Exchange (POSEE) Taskforce; 2021 (https://stoptb.org/wg/dots_expansion/childhoodtb/assets/documents/POSEE%20Info%20Note_Pediatric%20TB%20diagnosis_Final_17.6.2021.pdf).

Practical manual of processing stool samples for diagnosis of childhood TB. Geneva: Global Laboratory Initiative (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240042650).

The SOS Stoolbox: an implementation package for the SOS Stool method to detect TB and rifampicin resistance. The Hague: KNCV (https://www.kncvtbc.org/en/sos-stoolbox/).

TB-Speed stool processing: instructions for use – sucrose flotation method. TB-Speed (https://www.tb-speed.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TB-Speed_Stools_Standard_Operating_Procedures.pdf).

TB-Speed nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) collection. TB-Speed (https://www.tb-speed.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TB-Speed_SOP_NPA.pdf).

Diagnostic CXR atlas for paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis: a guide to chest X-ray
interpretation to diagnose paediatric tuberculosis, second edition. Paris: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; 2022 (https://theunion.org/technical-publications/diagnostic-cxr-atlas-for-tuberculosis-in-children).


TB treatment in children and adolescents

Resources, including webinars, project publications and treatment guidelines (website). Boston, MA: Sentinel Project on Pediatric Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (http://sentinel-project.org/resources/).

A family-centered approach to the treatment and prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children and adolescents: counseling tools and approach. Khayelitsha, South Africa: Médecins Sans Frontières; 2021 (http://sentinel-project.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Peds_Counseling_Outline_V3.pdf).


Training materials

Child and adolescent TB training for healthcare workers. Paris: International Union Against TB and Lung Disease; 2021 (https://coursesonline.theunion.org/theunion/2021/child-and-adolescent-tb-trainingcourse-for-hcw/333811). (This course is also available in French – see below.)

Formation sur la TB chez l’enfant et l’adolescent pour les professionnels de santé. Paris: International Union Against TB and Lung Disease; 2021 (https://coursesonline.theunion.org/theunion/2021/tb-chezlenfant-
et-ladolescent/337400/faculty.presenter28s29.formation.sur.la.tb.chez.l.enfant.et.l.adolescent.
pour.html). (This course is also available in English – see above.)

TB-Speed 1.5 day chest X-ray training to diagnose childhood tuberculosis: Summary booklet, Child CXR interpretation course: TB-Speed (https://www.tb-speed.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Chest_X-Ray_Training_Children_Tuberculosis_TB-Speed.pdf).

 

Planning and programme management 

Costing of dedicated key interventions towards ending TB in children: development of training materials and implementation of a nationwide training programme for paediatric TB; Household contact investigation; TB preventive treatment; Sample collection for children. Geneva: Pediatric TB Operational and Sustainability Expertise Exchange (POSEE) Taskforce; 2020 (https://stoptb.org/wg/dots_expansion/childhoodtb/posee.asp).

KNCV benchmarking tool for childhood TB policies, practice and planning. The Hague: KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation (https://www.kncvtbc.org/en/kb/kncv-benchmarking-tool-for-childhood-tb-policies-practice-and-planning/).


Advocacy

Change the game: an agenda for action on childhood tuberculosis. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund; 2018 (https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/TB-Advocacy-Brochure-Final-3_21-high-Res.pdf).

Tuberculosis research funding trends, 2005–2020. New York: Treatment Action Group; 2021 (https://www.treatmentactiongroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/tb_funding_2021.pdf).

Pipeline report 2021: tuberculosis diagnostics. New York: Treatment Action Group; 2021 (https://www.treatmentactiongroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/pipeline_TB_diagnostics_2021_final.pdf).

Pipeline report 2021: tuberculosis preventive treatment. New York: Treatment Action Group; 2021 (https://www.treatmentactiongroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021_pipeline_TB_prev_treatment_final.pdf).

Pipeline report 2021: tuberculosis treatment. New York: Treatment Action Group; 2021 (https://www.treatmentactiongroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/pipeline_TB_Treatment_2021_final.pdf).

 

General resources on child and adolescent TB

Graham S, Marais B, Amanullah F, editors. Recent advances and ongoing challenges in the management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Special Issue of Pathogens; 2022 (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogens/special_issues/Tuberculosis_Children_Adolescents).

 

Websites

Ending TB in children and adolescents. Geneva: World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/activities/ending-tb-in-children-and-adolescents).

Stop TB Partnership Child and Adolescent Working Group. Geneva: Stop TB Partnership (https://stoptb.org/wg/dots_expansion/childhoodtb/default.asp).

CaP TB: implementation and integration of TB care and treatment models. Washington, DC: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (https://www.pedaids.org/resource/catalyzing-pediatric-tuberculosis-innovations-cap-tb-implementation-integration-new-tb-care-treatment-models/).

A research project to strengthen paediatric tuberculosis services for enhanced early detection. TB-Speed (https://www.tb-speed.com/).

Benefit Kids. Better Evidence and Formulations for Improved MDR-TB Treatment for Children (https://blogs.sun.ac.za/dttc/benefit-kids/).

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